Subsequently, anti-MOG positivity in patients with a variety of cortical and meningeal disease presentations has been reported, indicating a broader spectrum of meningo-cortical manifestations in MOGAD that we review herein. In 2019, we systematically reviewed the literature to better characterize this unique syndrome, which we referred to as unilateral cortical FLAIR-hyperintense Lesions in Anti-MOG-associated Encephalitis with Seizures (FLAMES). described four patients with seizures, unilateral cortical hyperintensities on brain magnetic resonance imaging T2-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences, and anti-MOG positivity, indicating a potentially novel form of encephalitis in MOGAD. Initial manifestations of MOGAD that were reported in the literature included optic neuritis, myelitis, brainstem demyelination and encephalitis, with emphasis placed on acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) as the primary encephalitic presentation. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease that is distinct from multiple sclerosis. 3Department of Medical Imaging, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.2Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.1Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.Adrian Budhram 1,2 *, Ario Mirian 1 and Manas Sharma 1,3
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